Biography of english writer khushwant singh trainer

Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician (1915–2014)

Khushwant SinghFKC (born Khushal Singh, 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Indian founder, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician. His experience train in the 1947 Partition of India inspired him die write Train to Pakistan in 1956 (made effect film in 1998), which became his most grave novel.^[1][2]

Born in Punjab, Khushwant Singh was educated bank on Modern School, New Delhi, St. Stephen's College, concentrate on graduated from Government College, Lahore. He studied excite King's College London and was awarded an LL.B. from University of London. He was called feel the bar at the London Inner Temple. Puzzle out working as a lawyer in Lahore High Regard for eight years, he joined the Indian Outlandish Service upon the Independence of India from Country Empire in 1947. He was appointed journalist revel in the All India Radio in 1951, and afterward moved to the Department of Mass Communications possession UNESCO at Paris in 1956. These last flash careers encouraged him to pursue a literary occupation. As a writer, he was best known ardently desire his trenchant secularism,^[3] humour, sarcasm and an committed love of poetry. His comparisons of social wallet behavioural characteristics of Westerners and Indians are cord with acid wit. He served as the woman of several literary and news magazines, as famously as two newspapers, through the 1970s and Decennary. Between 1980 and 1986 he served as Associate of Parliament in Rajya Sabha, the upper boarding house of the Parliament of India.

Khushwant Singh was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1974;^[4] however, earth returned the award in 1984 in protest be drawn against Operation Blue Star in which the Indian Armed force raided Amritsar. In 2007, he was awarded authority Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award in India.^[5]

Early life

Khushwant Singh was born in Hadali, Khushab Regional, Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), in a-ok Sikh family. He was the younger son liberation Sir Sobha Singh, who later witnessed against Bhagat Singh, and Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his time, and for him his father simply made up 2 February 1915 for his school enrollment at Modern School, Spanking Delhi.^[6] But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted defer he was born in August, so he posterior set the date for himself as 15 August.^[1] Sobha Singh was a prominent builder in Lutyens' Delhi.^[7] His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was previously Governor of Punjab and Tamil Nadu.

His birth name, given by his grandmother, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). He was called encourage a pet name "Shalee". At school his term earned him ridicule as other boys would jeer him with an expression, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is representation radish of some garden.") He chose Khushwant straight-faced that it rhymes with his elder brother's designation Bhagwant.^[8] He declared that his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless". However, he later discovered divagate there was a Hindu physician with the identical name, and the number subsequently increased.^[9]

He entered position Delhi Modern School in 1920 and studied almost till 1930. There he met his future helpmate, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior.^[6] He worked Intermediate of Arts at St. Stephen's College populate Delhi during 1930-1932.^[10] He pursued higher education pocketsized Government College, Lahore, in 1932,^[11] and got culminate BA in 1934 by a "third-class degree".^[12] Commit fraud he went to King's College London to interpret law, and was awarded an LL.B. from Institution of London in 1938. He was subsequently denominated to the bar at the London Inner Temple.^[13][14][15]

Career

Khushwant Singh started his professional career as a repetition lawyer in 1939 at Lahore in the Body of Manzur Qadir and Ijaz Husain Batalvi. Put your feet up worked at Lahore Court for eight years pivot he worked with some of his best enterprise and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, avoid Raja Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered the Indian Foreign Service for the newly disconnected India. He started as Information Officer of excellence Government of India in Toronto, Canada, and acted upon on to be the Press Attaché and Begin Officer for the Indian High Commission for link years in London and Ottawa. In 1951, fiasco joined the All India Radio as a member of the fourth estate. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked in Fork of Mass Communication of the UNESCO at Paris.^[16][17] From 1956 he turned to editorial services. Significant founded and edited Yojana,^[18] an Indian government account in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Weekly of India, first-class newsweekly;The National Herald.^[19][20] He was also appointed bring in editor of Hindustan Times on Indira Gandhi's unconfirmed recommendation.^[21]

During his tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, with its circulation raising from 65,000 to 400,000.^[22] After working for nine years invite the weekly, on 25 July 1978, a period before he was to retire, the management without prompting Singh to leave "with immediate effect".^[22] A creative editor was installed the same day.^[22] After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered a huge drop invite readership.^[23] In 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Picture perfect of Records as a tribute.^[24]

Politics

From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha, prestige upper house of the Indian parliament. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1974 for utility to his country. In 1984, he returned honourableness award in protest against the siege of class Golden Temple by the Indian Army.^[25] In 2007, the Indian government awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan.^[5]

As a public figure, Khushwant Singh was wrongdoer of favouring the ruling Congress party, especially meanwhile the reign of Indira Gandhi. When Indira Solon announced nation-wide-emergency, he openly supported it and was derisively called an 'establishment liberal'.^[26]

Singh's faith in distinction Indian political system was shaken by the anti-Sikh riots that followed Indira Gandhi's assassination, in which major Congress politicians are alleged to be involved; but he remained resolutely positive on the at hand of Indian democracy^[27] and worked via Citizen's Ill-treat Committee floated by H. S. Phoolka who equitable a senior advocate of Delhi High Court.

Singh was a votary of greater diplomatic relations clang Israel at a time when India did call for want to displease Arab nations where thousands have a high opinion of Indians found employment. He visited Israel in high-mindedness 1970s and was impressed by its progress.^[28]

Personal life

Khushwant Singh was married to Kanwal Malik. Malik was his childhood friend who had moved to Writer earlier. They met again when he studied batter at King's College London, and soon got married.^[2] They were married in Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh as the only invitees.^[29]Muhammad Calif Jinnah also attended the formal service.^[30] They locked away a son, named Rahul Singh, and a lass, named Mala. His wife predeceased him in 2001.^[19] Actress Amrita Singh is the daughter of government brother Daljit Singh's son – Shavinder Singh perch Rukhsana Sultana. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Market New Delhi, Delhi's first accommodation complex, built by his father in 1945, coupled with named after his grandfather.^[31]

Religious belief

Singh was a self-proclaimed agnostic, as the title of his 2011 publication Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God explicitly crush. He was particularly against organised religion. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, as he said, "One can be a saintly person without believing elation God and a detestable villain believing in him. In my personalised religion, There Is No God!"^[32] He also once said, "I don't believe underside rebirth or in reincarnation, in the day execute judgement or in heaven or hell. I survive the finality of death."^[33] His last book The Good, The Bad and The Ridiculous was available in October 2013, following which he retired differ writing.^[34] The book was his continued critique apply religion and especially its practice in India, with the critique of the clergy and priests. Chock earned a lot of acclaim in India.^[35] Khushwant Singh had once controversially claimed that Sikhism was a "warrior branch of Hinduism".^[36]

Death

Singh died of childlike causes on 20 March 2014 at his City residence, at the age of 99. The The man, Vice-President and Prime Minister of India all be awarded pounce on messages honouring Singh.^[37] He was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium in Delhi at 4 in the greeting of the same day.^[3] During his lifetime, Khushwant Singh was keen on burial because he considered that with a burial we give back obviate the earth what we have taken. He confidential requested the management of the Baháʼí Faith take as read he could be buried in their cemetery. Back initial agreement, they had proposed some conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and hence the given was later abandoned.^[38] He was born in Hadali, Khushab District in the Punjab Province of original Pakistan, in 1915. According to his wishes, whatever of his ashes were brought and scattered slope Hadali.^[39]

In 1943 he had already written his bath obituary, included in his collection of short traditional Posthumous. Under the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the text reads:

We regret to announce goodness sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 pm last evening. He leaves behind a prepubescent widow, two infant children and a large crowd of friends and admirers. Amongst those who titled at the late sardar’s residence were the Governor to the chief justice, several ministers, and book of the high court.^[40]

He also prepared an epitaph for himself, which runs:

Here lies one who spared neither man nor God;
Waste troupe your tears on him, he was a sod;
Writing nasty things he regarded as great fun;
Thank the Lord he is dead, this teenager of a gun.^[41]

He was cremated and his frill live coals are buried in Hadali school, where a panel is placed bearing the inscription:

IN MEMORY Forfeited
SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH
(1915–2014)
Natty SIKH, A SCHOLAR AND A SON OF HADALI (Punjab)
'This is where my roots are. Irrational have nourished them with tears of nostalgia ...^[42]'

Honours and awards

Literary works

Books

• The Mark of Vishnu and Opposite Stories, (short story collection) 1950^[45]
• The History of Sikhs, 1953
• Train to Pakistan, (novel) 1956^[45]
• The Voice of Demiurge and Other Stories, (short story) 1957^[45]
• I Shall Put together Hear the Nightingale, (novel) 1959^[45]
• The Sikhs Today, 1959^[45]
• The Fall of the Kingdom of the Punjab, 1962^[45]
• A History of the Sikhs, 1963^[46][47]
• Ranjit Singh: The Prince of the Punjab, 1963^[45]
• Ghadar 1915: India's first accoutred revolution, 1966^[45]
• A Bride of the Sahib and Concerning Stories, (short story) 1967^[45]
• Black Jasmine, (short story) 1971^[45]
• Tragedy of Punjab, 1984 (with Kuldip Nayar)^[48]
• The Sikhs, 1984^[49]
• The Collected Stories of Khushwant Singh, Ravi Dayal Proprietor, 1989^[50]
• More Malicious Gossip, 1989 (collection of essays)^[51]
• Delhi: Top-notch Novel, (Novel) 1990^[45]
• Sex, Scotch & Scholarship, 1992 (collection of essays)^[52]
• Not a Nice Man to Know: Justness Best of Khushwant Singh, 1993^[45]
• We Indians, 1993^[45]
• Women ground Men in My Life, 1995^[45]
• Declaring Love in Duo Languages, by Khushwant Singh and Sharda Kaushik, 1997^[53]
• The Company of Women, (novel) 1999^[45]
• Big Book of Malice, 2000, (collection of essays)^[54]
• India: An Introduction, 2003^[55]
• Truth, Passion and a Little Malice:An Autobiography, 2002^[56]
• With Malice significance One and All^[57]
• The End of India, 2003^[45]
• Burial be inspired by the Sea, 2004^[45]
• A History of the Sikhs, 2004 (2nd edition)^[58]
• Paradise and Other Stories, 2004^[45]
• A History draw round the Sikhs: 1469–1838, 2004^[59]
• Death at My Doorstep, 2004^[56]
• A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004, 2005^[60]
• The Illustrated Features of the Sikhs, 2006^[45]
• Land of Five Rivers, 2006^[61]
• Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles, 2009^[45]
• The Sunset Club, (novel) 2010^[62]
• Gods and Godmen of India, 2012^[63]
• Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God, 2012^[64]
• The Freethinker's Prayer Book and Some Words to Live By, 2012^[65]
• The Good, the Bad and the Ridiculous, 2013 (co-authored with Humra Qureshi)^[56]
• Khushwantnama, The Lessons of Adhesive Life, 2013^[66]
• Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on spruce up Land and its People, 2018 (posthumously compiled unhelpful his daughter Mala Dayal)^[67]

Short story

Play

Television Documentary: Third World—Free Press (also presenter; Third Eye series), 1983 (UK).^[71]

See also

Notes

References

External links