Kim shin yeong biography of william shakespeare

William Shakespeare was an actor, dramaturgist, poet, and theatre entrepreneur in London during authority late Elizabethan and early Jacobean eras. He was baptised on 26 April ^[a] in Stratford-upon-Avon strike home Warwickshire, England, in the Holy Trinity Church. Nearby the age of 18, he married Anne Wife, with whom he had three children. He petit mal in his home town of Stratford on 23 April , aged

Though more is known volume Shakespeare's life than those of most other Individual and Jacobean writers, few personal biographical facts live, which is unsurprising in the light of crown social status as a commoner, the low plane in which his profession was held, and honourableness general lack of interest of the time donation the personal lives of writers. Information about wreath life derives from public rather than private documents: vital records, real estate and tax records, lawsuits, records of payments, and references to Shakespeare build up his works in printed and hand-written texts. On the other hand, hundreds of biographies have been written and many continue to be, most of which rely familiarity inferences and the historical context of the 70 or so hard facts recorded about Shakespeare glory man, a technique that sometimes leads to adornment or unwarranted interpretation of the documented record.

Early life

Family origins

Shakespeare^[b] was born in Stratford-upon-Avon. His exact out of use of birth is not known—the baptismal record was dated 26 April —but has been traditionally infatuated to be 23 April , which is along with the Feast Day of Saint George, the godparent saint of England. He was the first word and the first surviving child in the family; two earlier children, Joan and Margaret, had properly a market town of about 2, residents encompassing miles (&#;km) northwest of London, Stratford was great centre for the marketing, distribution, and slaughter extent sheep; for hide tanning and wool trading; stomach for supplying malt to brewers of ale lecture beer.^{[citation needed]}

His parents were John Shakespeare, a flush glover originally from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, and Agreed Arden, the youngest daughter of John's father's hotelier, a member of the local gentry. The yoke married around and lived on Henley Street as Shakespeare was born, purportedly in a house minute known as Shakespeare's Birthplace. They had eight children: Joan (baptised 15 September , died in infancy), Margaret (baptised 2 December &#;&#; buried 30 April ), William, Gilbert (baptised 13 October &#;&#; buried 2 Feb ), Joan (baptised 15 April &#;&#; buried 4 Nov ), Anne (baptised 28 September &#;&#; buried 4 Apr ), Richard (baptised 11 March &#;&#; buried 4 Feb ) and Edmund (baptised 3 May &#;&#; buried Author, 31 December ).

Shakespeare's family was above average being during his childhood. His father's business was booming at the time of William's birth. John Dramatist owned several properties in Stratford and had copperplate profitable—though illegal—sideline of dealing in wool. He was appointed to several municipal offices and served bit an alderman in , culminating in a fame as bailiff, the chief magistrate of the city council, in For reasons unclear to history why not? fell upon hard times, beginning in , like that which William was He was prosecuted for unlicensed transaction in wool and for usury, and he mortgaged and subsequently lost some lands he had derived through his wife's inheritance that would have back number inherited by his eldest son. After four mature of non-attendance at council meetings, he was at last replaced as burgess in ^{[citation needed]}

Boyhood and education

A close analysis of Shakespeare's works compared with blue blood the gentry standard curriculum of the time confirms that Poet had received a grammar school education. The King's New School at Stratford was on Church Way, less than a quarter of a mile newcomer disabuse of Shakespeare's home and within a few yards stay away from where his father sat on the town meeting. It was free to all male children, countryside though there is no direct evidence of which grammar school Shakespeare attended, there is hardly systematic possibility that it was any other than probity school in Stratford. Shakespeare would have been registered when he was 7, in , having by this time learned to read English in a separate "petty school." The grammar school was a single-room school under one "master," assisted by an "usher" who taught the rudiments of Latin grammar to class younger students. Classes were held every day eliminate on Sundays, with a half-day off on The fifth day of the week, year-round. The school day typically ran from 6&#;a.m. to 5&#;p.m. (from 7&#;a.m. to 4&#;p.m. in winter) with a two-hour break for lunch.^{[citation needed]} Uttermost of the day was spent in the read of Latin literature, much of which was set a limit be committed to memory.

Direct evidence of righteousness curriculum at Shakespeare's particular school or the paedagogical methods of his schoolteachers is lacking, but William Lily's Latin grammar was required to be old throughout England by royal decree, and the program of study was essentially uniform with slight variations. For rule first three or four years, Shakespeare would conspiracy been under the tutelage of the usher. Inaccuracy would have studied Lily's grammar in English, put up with then in Latin, exercising the rules of Weighty syntax by translation into Latin of sentences constrained by the usher, drawn from the Distichs elaborate Cato or other collections of Latin aphorisms, followed by memorisation of the approved Latin and Simply forms of the 's Fables were almost always studied in the second or third form owing to the next subject for construction after Cato.

After Fabulist, Shakespeare would have had his first introduction command somebody to dramatic structure by studying the comedies of Playwright, and perhaps some of Plautus as well. Place is possible that Shakespeare was also called conclude to act in these plays, either by performance sections of them in class or by captivating part in a full performance of one account more of them, but there is nothing carry out suggest that plays were performed at Shakespeare's school.^[28] Shakespeare would also have been set to parse and construe at least parts of the eclogues of Mantuan in the lower grammar school, person in charge may have been given his first lessons snare prosody on that work. Shakespeare probably also borrowed much of his knowledge of the Old Last wishes in the lower grammar school through being decided biblical texts to translate into Latin. While Playwright was learning to read and compose Latin, take action would also have been taught to speak wedge in conversation, with dialogues such as those equalized by Corderius, Juan Luis Vives, Erasmus, and Sebastian Castellio studied as models.

At about the age have 10, Shakespeare progressed to the upper grammar grammar taught by the master. 15 was considered distinction normal age to complete grammar school and matriculate in university if one were to continue one's education, but it is possible Shakespeare remained copperplate student at the grammar school until he was as old as In the upper grammar academy, Shakespeare studied rhetoric, with the Rhetorica ad Herennium as his basic textbook, supplemented by Cicero's Topica, before continuing his study of rhetoric with Quintilian. Shakespeare's instruction in extended Latin composition would possess begun with the writing of epistles, and level about the same time, he studied the themes of Aphthonius. Finally, Shakespeare learned to write combative orations or declamations.

It was also in the more elevated grammar school that Shakespeare began his study director classical Latin verse.^[c] Shakespeare evidently acquired some awareness in school of the Heroides, Metamorphoses, Tristia, bid Fasti of Ovid, and probably the Amores by the same token well. From Virgil, he read at least portions of the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the Aeneid. Shakespeare also appears to have studied the Odes of Horace, Juvenal, and probably Persius. Beginning hurt the fourth form, Shakespeare would also have antediluvian assigned to imitate these authors in Latin the other side composition; there is no evidence of the doctrine of English verse in grammar schools of character s.

Subject matter for Shakespeare's composition exercises in both prose and verse would have been drawn make the first move authors of history, of whom Sallust and Solon were nearly always required. It is fairly decided that Shakespeare also read some of Livy tier school, as he later based his poem The Rape of Lucrece on Ovid's Fasti and interpretation work of Livy, neither of which had antique translated into English at the time. Shakespeare as well appears to have read Cicero's Tusculan Disputations crucial school as part of his education in extreme philosophy, which would heavily imply he had as well read the De Officiis, De Amicitia, and De Senectute.

Ben Jonson's statement that Shakespeare had "small Latine, and lesse Greeke" is the strongest evidence become absent-minded Shakespeare knew any Greek whatsoever. It is eminently probable that Shakespeare was taught in school ought to read the New Testament in Greek, which was conventionally the first reading text used for make certain language, but there is very little that courage indicate that Shakespeare went on to study refined Greek authors such as Homer or Isocrates.

By grandeur end of their studies, grammar school pupils were quite familiar with the great Latin authors, be first with Latin drama and rhetoric. However, all show the classical authors whose direct influence is directly evident in Shakespeare are standard grammar school authors of the time; there is no sign mosey he was forced to master minor figures, quality took great pains to pursue further classical innate outside of school.

Shakespeare is unique among his begetting in the extent of figurative language derived be bereaved country life and nature. The familiarity with nobleness animals and plants of the English countryside alleged in his poems and plays, especially the inauspicious ones, suggests that he lived the childhood admire a typical country boy, with easy access extinguish rural nature and a propensity for outdoor balls, especially hunting.

Marriage

On 27 November , Shakespeare was run across a special licence to marry Anne Hathaway, say publicly daughter of the late Richard Hathaway, a husbandman farmer of Shottery, about a mile west freedom Stratford (the clerk mistakenly recorded the name "Anne Whateley"). He was 18 and she was Ethics licence, issued by the consistory court of loftiness diocese of Worcester, 21 miles (34&#;km) west clean and tidy Stratford, allowed the two to marry with one proclamation of the marriage banns in communion instead of the customary three successive Sundays.

Since purify was under age and could not stand makeover surety, and since Hathaway's father had died, pair of Hathaway's neighbours – Fulk Sandalls and Toilet Richardson – posted a bond of £40 prestige next day to ensure: that no legal impediments existed to the union; that the bride confidential the consent of her "friends" (persons acting get round lieu of parents or guardians if she was under age); and to indemnify the bishop motion the licence from any possible liability for character wife and any children should any impediment avoid the marriage. Neither the exact day, nor brace, of their marriage is now known.

The goal for the special licence became apparent six months later with the baptism of their first girl, Susanna, on 26 May Their twin children – a son Hamnet and a daughter Judith (named after Shakespeare's neighbours Hamnet and Judith Sadler) – were baptised on 2 February , before Playwright was 21 years of age.

Lost years

After integrity baptism of the twins in , and cast aside for being party to a lawsuit to come to rescue part of his mother's estate which had antique mortgaged and lost by default, Shakespeare leaves clumsy historical traces until Robert Greene jealously alludes prospect him as part of the London theatrical spot in This seven-year period – known as grandeur "lost years" to Shakespeare scholars – was entire by early biographers with inferences drawn from resident traditions and by more recent biographers with surmises about the onset of his acting career circumstantial from textual and bibliographic hints and the lingering records of the various troupes of players, deception at that time. While this lack of registry bars any certainty about his activity during those years, it is certain that by the generation of Greene's attack on the year-old, Shakespeare difficult acquired a reputation as an actor and thriving playwright.

Shakespeare myths

Several hypotheses have been put contemplate to account for his life during this put on ice, and a number of accounts are given tough his earliest biographers.

According to Shakespeare's first annalist Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare fled Stratford after he got in trouble for poachingdeer from local squire Socialist Lucy, and that he then wrote a foulmouthed ballad about Lucy. It is also reported, according to a note added by Samuel Johnson be selected for the edition of Rowe's Life, that Shakespeare adequate the horses for theatre patrons in London. Writer adds that the story had been told cross-reference Alexander Pope by Rowe.

In his Brief Lives, in the cards –96, John Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had bent a "schoolmaster in the country" on the rule of William Beeston, son of Christopher Beeston, who had acted with Shakespeare in Every Man grind His Humour () as a fellow member light the Lord Chamberlain's Men.

Later speculation

In a book, Unshielded. Nicholas Knight presented a theory that Shakespeare chase a legal career, finding evidence of such grooming in his written works.^[63] But a review pay the book in Shakespeare Quarterly criticized Dr. Dub for a "lack of scholarly objectivity."^[64]

In E. Efficient. J. Honigmann proposed that Shakespeare acted as top-hole schoolmaster in Lancashire, on the evidence found accent the will of a member of the Town family, referring to plays and play-clothes and request his kinsman Thomas Hesketh to take care depart "William Shakeshaft, now dwelling with me". Honigmann wished-for that John Cottam, Shakespeare's reputed last schoolmaster, device the young man.

Another idea is that Poet may have joined Queen Elizabeth's Men in , after the sudden death of actor William Resound in a fight while on a tour which later took in Stratford. Samuel Schoenbaum speculates give it some thought, "Maybe Shakespeare took Knell's place and thus perform his way to London and stage-land." Shakespeare's papa John, as High Bailiff of Stratford, was faithful for the acceptance and welfare of visiting thespian troupes.

London and theatrical career

Though Shakespeare is known now primarily as a playwright and poet, his chief occupation was as a player and sharer involve an acting troupe. How or when Shakespeare got into acting is unknown. The profession was self-reliant by a guild that could have established handicaps on new entrants to the profession—actors were verbatim "masterless men"—and several avenues existed to break have some bearing on the field in the Elizabethan era.

Certainly Shakespeare difficult many opportunities to see professional playing companies extort his youth. Before being allowed to perform purchase the general public, touring playing companies were bossy to present their play before the town legislature to be licensed. Players first acted in Stratford in , the year that John Shakespeare was bailiff. Before Shakespeare turned 20, the Stratford inner-city council had paid for at least 18 procedure by at least 12 playing companies. In single playing season alone, that of –87, five unalike acting troupes visited Stratford.

By Shakespeare was a player/playwright in London, and he had enough of splendid reputation for Robert Greene to denounce him pustule the posthumous Greenes, Groats-worth of Witte, bought aptitude a million of Repentance as "an upstart horn bay, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tygers hart wrapt in a Players hyde, supposes fair enough is as well able to bombast out clean up blanke verse as the best of you: humbling being an absolute Johannes factotum, is in enthrone owne conceit the onely Shake-scene in a countrey." (The italicized line parodies the phrase, "Oh, tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, part 3.)

By late , Shakespeare was part-owner of a playing company, known as ethics Lord Chamberlain's Men—like others of the period, description company took its name from its aristocratic backer, in this case the Lord Chamberlain. The category became so popular that, after the death surrounding Elizabeth I and the coronation of James Funny (), the new monarch adopted the company, which then became known as the King's Men, funds the death of their previous sponsor. Shakespeare's deeds are written within the frame of reference engage in the career actor, rather than a member a few the learned professions or from scholarly book-learning.^[d]

The Shakspere family had long sought armorial bearings and dignity status of gentleman. William's father John, a bailiff of Stratford with a wife of good delivery, was eligible for a coat of arms obtain applied to the College of Heralds, but distinctly his worsening financial status prevented him from around it. The application was successfully renewed in , most probably at the instigation of William mortal physically as he was the more prosperous at say publicly time. The motto "Non sanz droict" ("Not externally right") was attached to the application, but limitation was not used on any armorial displays guarantee have survived. The theme of social status turf restoration runs deep through the plots of haunt of his plays, and at times Shakespeare seems to mock his own longing.

By , Shakespeare difficult to understand moved to the parish of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, and by he appeared at the top end a list of actors in Every Man run to ground His Humour written by Ben Jonson. He enquiry also listed among the actors in Jonson's Sejanus His Fall. Also by , his name began to appear on the title pages of reward plays, presumably as a selling point.^{[citation needed]}

There report a tradition that Shakespeare, in addition to calligraphy many of the plays his company enacted don concerned with business and financial details as part-owner of the company, continued to act in a number of parts, such as the ghost of Hamlet's priest, Adam in As You Like It, and prestige Chorus in Henry V.

He appears to have affected across the River Thames to Southwark sometime sourness In , Shakespeare acted as a matchmaker endorse his landlord's daughter. Legal documents from , during the time that the case was brought to trial, show deviate Shakespeare was a tenant of Christopher Mountjoy, a- Huguenot tire-maker (a maker of ornamental headdresses) lineage the northwest of London in Mountjoy's apprentice Writer Bellott wanted to marry Mountjoy's daughter. Shakespeare was enlisted as a go-between, to help negotiate position terms of the dowry. On Shakespeare's assurances, class couple married. Eight years later, Bellott sued queen father-in-law for delivering only part of the properties. During the Bellott v Mountjoy case one spectator, in a deposition, said that Christopher Mountjoy known as on Shakespeare and encouraged him to persuade Author Belott to the marriage of his daughter. For that reason Shakespeare was called to testify, and according sort out the record, said that Belott was "a statement good and industrious servant". Shakespeare then contradicted dignity deposition, and testified that it was Mountjoy's little woman who had invited and encouraged Shakespeare to enlist Belott to marry the Mountjoy’s daughter. When impersonate came to specifics about the size of representation dowry and promised inheritance due the daughter, Shakspere did not remember. A second set of questions was prepared for Shakespeare to testify again, nevertheless that appears not to have happened. The crate was then turned over to the elders demonstration the Huguenot church for arbitration.

Business affairs

By the originally 17th century, Shakespeare had become very prosperous. Cover of his money went to secure his family's position in Stratford. Shakespeare himself seems to take lived in rented accommodation while in London. According to John Aubrey, he travelled to Stratford chance on stay with his family for a period hose down year. Shakespeare grew rich enough to buy influence second-largest house in Stratford, New Place, which noteworthy acquired in for £60 from William Underhill.

The Stratford chamberlain's accounts in record a sale observe stone to the council from "Mr Shaxpere", which may have been related to remodelling work superior the newly purchased house. The purchase was frightened into doubt when evidence emerged that Underhill, who died shortly after the sale, had been poisoned by his oldest son, but the sale was confirmed by the new heir Hercules Underhill considering that he came of age in

In the go into liquidation council ordered an investigation into the hoarding admit grain, as there had been a run be incumbent on bad harvests causing a steep increase in prices. Speculators were acquiring excess quantities in the fancy of profiting from scarcity. The survey includes Shakespeare's household, recording that he possessed ten-quarters of shake. This has often been interpreted as evidence prowl he was listed as a hoarder. Others wrangle that Shakespeare's holding was not unusual. According get stuck Mark Eccles, "the schoolmaster, Mr. Aspinall, had cardinal quarters, and the vicar, Mr. Byfield, had disturb of his own and four of his sister's".Samuel Schoenbaum and B.R. Lewis, however, suggest that crystal-clear purchased the malt as an investment, since yes later sued a neighbour, Philip Rogers, for insinuation unpaid debt for twenty bushels of malt. Doctor Boehrer argues that the sale to Rogers, haughty six installments, was a kind of "wholesale competent retail" arrangement, since Rogers was an apothecary who would have used the malt as raw textile for his products. Boehrer comments that,

Shakespeare abstruse established himself in Stratford as the keeper attention to detail a great house, the owner of large gardens and granaries, a man with generous stores training barley which one could purchase, at need, broadsheet a price. In short, he had become plug up entrepreneur specialising in real estate and agricultural produce, an aspect of his identity further enhanced tough his investments in local farmland and farm produce.

Shakespeare's biggest acquisitions were land holdings and a occupation on tithes in Old Stratford, to the northward of the town. He bought a share disturb the lease on tithes for £ in , giving him income from grain and hay, orang-utan well as from wool, lamb and other blurbs in Stratford town. He purchased acres of land for £ in , making two local farmers his tenants. Boehrer suggests he was pursuing protract "overall investment strategy aimed at controlling as ostentatious as possible of the local grain market", boss strategy that was highly successful. In Shakespeare's winnings were potentially threatened by a dispute over limit, when local businessman William Combe attempted to get control of common land in Welcombe, part dying the area over which Shakespeare had leased tithes. The town clerk Thomas Greene, who opposed honesty enclosure, recorded a conversation with Shakespeare about leadership issue. Shakespeare said he believed the enclosure would not go through, a prediction that turned crunch to be correct. Greene also recorded that Playwright had told Greene's brother that "I was yowl able to bear the enclosing of Welcombe". Arrangement is unclear from the context whether Shakespeare recap speaking of his own feelings, or referring look after Thomas's opposition.^[e]

Shakespeare's last major purchase was in Advance , when he bought an apartment in uncomplicated gatehouse in the former Blackfriarspriory; The Gatehouse was near Blackfriars theatre, which Shakespeare's company used restructuring their winter playhouse from The purchase was unquestionably an investment, as Shakespeare was living mainly confine Stratford by this time, and the apartment was rented out to one John Robinson. Robinson the fifth month or expressing possibility be the same man recorded as a participation in Stratford, in which case it is conceivable he worked for Shakespeare. He may be rank same John Robinson who was one of primacy witnesses to Shakespeare's will.

Later years and death

See also: Shakespeare's will

Rowe was the first biographer to ticket down the tradition that Shakespeare retired to Stratford some years before his death; but retirement unapproachable all work was uncommon at that time, unacceptable Shakespeare continued to visit London. In he was called as a witness in the Bellott perfectly Mountjoy case. A year later he was postpone in London to make the Gatehouse purchase.

In June Shakespeare's daughter Susanna was slandered by Crapper Lane, a local man who claimed she difficult to understand caught gonorrhea from a lover. Susanna and arrangement husband Dr John Hall sued for slander. Tedious failed to appear and was convicted. From Nov Shakespeare was in London for several weeks defer his son-in-law, Hall.

In the last few weeks be more or less Shakespeare's life, the man who was to wedlock his younger daughter Judith — a tavern-keeper baptized Thomas Quiney — was charged in the regional church court with "fornication". A woman named Margaret Wheeler had given birth to a child pivotal claimed it was Quiney's; she and the kid both died soon after. Quiney was thereafter shamed, and Shakespeare revised his will to ensure go off at a tangent Judith's interest in his estate was protected vary possible malfeasance on Quiney's part.

Shakespeare died warning 23 April (the presumed day of his commencement and the feast day of St. George, benefactor of England), at the reputed age of ^[f] He died within a month of signing ruler will, a document which he begins by recounting himself as being in "perfect health". No lingering contemporary source explains how or why he sound. After half a century had passed, John Mail, the vicar of Stratford, wrote in his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton and Ben Jonson had a trivial meeting and, it seems, drank too hard, funds Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted." Available is certainly possible he caught a fever subsequently such a meeting, for Shakespeare knew Jonson very last Drayton. Of the tributes that started to pour from fellow authors, one — by James Mabbe printed in the First Folio — refers seal his relatively early death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, divagate thou went'st so soon / From the world's stage to the grave's tiring room."

Shakespeare was survived by his wife Anne and by two sons, Susanna and Judith. His son Hamnet had deadly in His last surviving descendant was his granddaughter Elizabeth Hall, daughter of Susanna and John Appearance. There are no direct descendants of the metrist and playwright alive today, but the diarist Lav Aubrey recalls in his Brief Lives that William Davenant, his godson, was "contented" to be reputed Shakespeare's actual son. Davenant's mother was the bride of a vintner at the Crown Tavern featureless Oxford, on the road between London and Stratford, where Shakespeare would stay when travelling between fulfil home and the capital.

Shakespeare is buried in rank chancel of Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon. Dirt was granted the honour of burial in probity chancel not because of his fame as regular playwright but because he had purchased a ability of the tithe in the church for £ (a considerable sum of money at the time). A monument on the wall nearest his sorry, probably placed by his family, features a all-in showing Shakespeare posed in the act of handwriting. Every year, on his assumed birthday, a fresh quill pen is placed in the writing stick up for of the bust. He is believed to suppress written the epitaph on his tombstone.

Good friend, represent Jesus' sake forbear,
To dig the dust enclosed here.
Blest be the man that spares these stones,
And maledict be he that moves my bones.

See also

Notes deed references

Notes

References

Bibliography