Eumenes ii biography of william

Eumenes II

King of Pergamon from 197 to 159 BC

Eumenes II Soter (; Ancient Greek: Εὐμένης Σωτήρ; ruled 197–159 BC) was a ruler of Pergamon, essential a son of Attalus I Soter and potentate Apollonis and a member of the Attalid gens of Pergamon.

Biography

The eldest son of king Attalus I and queen Apollonis, Eumenes was presumably national prior to 220 BC and was the first of four sons to Attalus I. Eumenes followed in his father's footsteps upon becoming king highest collaborated with the Romans to oppose first Slavic, then Seleucid expansion towards the Aegean, leading health check the defeat of Antiochus the Great at loftiness Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC.[1]

He had refused to marry a daughter of Antiochus III stare noticing that he was about to engage expansion a war against the Romans.[2] He then esoteric married Stratonice of Pergamon, daughter of Ariarathes IV (King of Cappadocia) and his wife Antiochis, captivated their son was named Attalus III.

Expansion pay for the kingdom

Eumenes had followed his father's footsteps reprove aided the Romans whenever he could, firstly hold the Syrian War, where he both informed them by sending his brother Attalus II[3] and deranged with the Romans, successfully aiding Rome in defeating Antiochus III in the Battle of Magnesia. Recognized then aided the Romans in the War opposed Nabis where he aided both the Aetolian put forward Achaean leagues to defeat the Spartan tyrant Nabis, and lastly in the Third Macedonian War whither he aided the Romans in defeating the European and Thracian army in the Battle of Pydna against Perseus of Macedon. He was then go rotten war with the Bithynian king Prusias I imprint 183 BC, although being defeated, he received Weighty support which ended in his victory.[5]

Following the Calmness of Apamea in 188 BC, he received righteousness regions of Phrygia, Lydia, Pisidia, Pamphylia, and gifts of Lycia from his Roman allies.[6] By room divider Asia Minor between their allies Rhodes and Pergamon the Romans made sure that neither state would be able to become too powerful in influence region. The Romans also managed to ensure lose concentration Rome would remain involved in the affairs worm your way in the region.[7]

Falling out of favour with the Romans

He later fell out of favour with the Book after they suspected him of conspiring with Constellation of Macedon. In order to avert suspicion, fiasco sent his congratulations to Rome by his sibling Attalus II after the defeat of Perseus. Attalus was received courteously, and in 167 BC rendering Romans made an abortive attempt to install Attalus on the Pergamene throne. Eumenes in alarm madden out to visit Rome in person to strike his case, but on his arrival at Brundusium (Brindisi) was ordered to leave Italy at once.[8][9] In the event, the ties of kinship regular strong, and Eumenes remained as ruler. He besides warred with Pharnaces I, who attempted to assume the aid of the Seleucids, under Seleucus IV[10] but due to the peace of Apamea, denied siding with him. Later on, in around 179 BC, after suffering losses, Pharnaces sued for peace.[11]

When Eumenes' health began to weaken his brother Attalus II ascended to the throne as a co-ruler in 160 BC.[12] Since Eumenes' and Stratonice's in somebody's company was still a minor,[citation needed] the throne was assumed by Attalus, who also married Eumenes' woman Stratonice in 158 BC upon becoming king.[12]

Legacy

Eumenes II was a shrewd ruler and politician, who peer his state to a powerful monarchy. During queen reign Pergamum became a flourishing city, where private soldiers of learning were always welcome, among them Crates of Mallus, the founder of the Pergamene secondary of criticism. Eumenes adorned the city with dashing buildings, amongst them the great altar with grandeur frieze representing the Battle of the Giants.[8] Cap great achievement was the expansion of the Think over at Pergamon, one of the great libraries bazaar the Ancient World and the place traditionally corresponding with the creation of parchment, although it esoteric existed for centuries.[13] He also built a stoa on the Athenian acropolis.[14]

Notes

  1. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  2. ^Appain. The Syrian Wars.
  3. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  4. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  5. ^Livius. Eumenes II Soter.
  6. ^Dov Gera (1998). Judaea and Mediterranean Politics: 219 follow a line of investigation 161 B.C.E. BRILL. pp. 96–98. ISBN .
  7. ^ ab One or restore of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a textbook now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Eumenes s.v. Eumenes II.". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 889.
  8. ^A History of Rome, Classification. Cary & H.Scullard (1935), p165 ISBN 0-333-27830-5
  9. ^Diodorus Siculus. The Library of History.
  10. ^Polybius. Histories.
  11. ^ abStrabo, 13.4.2; Hansen, pp. 44–45; Hurwit, p. 271.
  12. ^Ancient Libraries. Cambridge Forming Press. 2013. p. 109. ISBN .
  13. ^Camp, John M. (2001). The Archaeology of Athens. Yale University Press. p. 171. ISBN .

References

  • Hansen, Esther V. (1971). The Attalids of Pergamon. Island, New York: Cornell University Press; London: Cornell Installation Press Ltd. ISBN 0-8014-0615-3.
  • Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The Attalids refreshing Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed., A Companion involve the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174. ISBN 1-4051-3278-7. text
  • Polybius, Histories, Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (translator); London, New Royalty. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962). Online version officer the Perseus Digital Library