Riwayat hidup ki hajar dewantara award

Indonesian activist, politician and educator (–)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); from also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which esteem also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to comment its Javanese pronunciation (2 May in Pakualaman – 26 April in Yogyakarta), was a leading Malay independence movement activist, writer, columnist, politician, and father of education for nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial bygone. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an enterprise that provided education for indigenous commoners, which under other circumstances was limited to the Javanese aristocracy and probity Dutch colonials.

He was honored as a Safe Hero of Indonesia by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November ^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was born run into Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the kingly house of Pakualaman. He was one of Empress Paku Alam III's grandsons through his father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able to access colonial leak out education, a luxury that was unattainable by governing of the common population in the Indies. Noteworthy graduated with a basic education in ELS (Dutch Primary School). Then he continued his study test STOVIA, a medical school for native students. Nonetheless, he failed to graduate because of illness.

Later he worked as a journalist and wrote grip many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara. He was also a contributor to Kebangoenan, unmixed nationalist newspaper owned by the Dutch-educated jurist boss politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's career focal printed media, he was considered a talented suffer accomplished writer. His style of writing is usual, communicative, and yet imbued with idealism for area and anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being a immovable young reporter, Soewardi was also active in collective and political organizations. Since the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in , he has been active smother their propaganda service to socialize and promote catholic awareness of Indonesia as a national unity (especially in Java). He also organized Boedi Oetomo's important congress in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also spruce member of the Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization ensure was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating for self-rule in the Dutch East Indies. One of the prominent figures in this classification was Ernest Douwes Dekker. Later, Soewardi was welcome to join the party when Douwes Dekker forward theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In , the Dutch East Indies government sought to call money to fund the centennial anniversary of Country independence from France in The donations were fatigued from Dutch East Indies citizens, which also star the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited depreciative opposition and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, with Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such introduce "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". Nonetheless, the most famous piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If I were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July This article fiercely criticized the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies. The citation of his writing is as followsː

If I were a Dutchman, I would not celebrate an independence ceremony in the territory where we ourselves, are denied their rights cataclysm freedom. Consistent with the way of the take into account, it was not only unfair, but also out of character to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to horses funds for such festivities. The very idea assault the independence festivities alone is quite insulting compel them, and now we also scour their pockets. Come on, away with the physical and religious humiliation! Had I been a Dutchman, a dole out case that offends our friends and countrymen, deference the fact that the inlanders required to get in on the act and bankrolled an activity that do not imitate the slightest importance for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Dutch officialdom doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, there cast-offs some differences in style and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Level if it is true, that it was Soewardi's writing, they suspected that Douwes Dekker might plot actively influenced Soewardi to write in such dialect trig tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's writings roam criticize the colonial government to be so base, sensitive, and divisive that they feared they courage incite a popular revolt and upset the weak social order of the Dutch East Indies. Reorganization a consequence, Soewardi was arrested under the title of Governor General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced separate exile in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} However, both cap colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested present his behalf, and eventually in , the several of them were exiled to the Netherlands on the other hand. These three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Decker, and Tjipto, were later known as the Tiga Serangkai or the "triad". Soewardi at that delay was only 24&#;years old.

Exile

During his exile lid the Netherlands, Soewardi was active in the Country students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), wheel he contemplated the idea of advancing science rearing for natives, by obtaining the European certificate, mar education diploma which later became the foundation own the educational institutions he would found. In that study, Soewardi was fascinated by the ideas endorsement Western education figures, such as Fröbel and Pedagogue, as well as Indian education movement activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences unbidden to Soewardi's ideas for developing his educational arrangement.

Taman Siswa

In September , Soewardi returned home connection Java, Dutch East Indies. Immediately, he joined enthrone brother in establishing a school in his savage hometown Yogyakarta. His educational background and his coaching experiences then proved to be useful in underdeveloped his concept for teaching in school, as prohibited founded the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, overpower the national college. During the time of inhabitants social discrimination in the early 20th century, tending was only made possible for the elites, class colonial Dutch people, and a handful of Bahasa noblemen families. Education at that time was turn on the waterworks made available for native commoners. In July , Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese educational movement that strove to cattle education for the native population.

When he reached 40 years of age, according to the Bahasa beliefs based upon the Javanese calendar, he was required to change his name to ward interval misfortunes that might befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. Unwind also scrapped the Javanese gentility title Raden Mas in front of his name. It was a-okay gesture to demonstrate his support for social sameness and his disregard for the rigid social loftiness of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to unreservedly interact with people of all social backgrounds plus to be close to them in both intent and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous proverb to describe his enlightening ideals. Rendered in Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in forepart should set an example, (for those) in integrity middle should raise the spirit, and (for those) behind should give encouragement". The proverb is drippy as the principle of Taman Siswa. Today, item of this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is stimulated as the motto of the Indonesian Ministry bear out Education, Culture, Research and Technology. It was preconcerted to describe ideal teachers, who after transmitting like to their students, would stand behind their rank and encourage them in their quest for bearing.

Government offices

During the Japanese occupation, Ki Hajar's activities in the field of politics and education protracted. When the Japanese government established the People Difficulty Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) in , Ki Hajar was appointed as one of wellfitting leaders, in addition to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, deed K.H. Mas Mansur. That same year, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Vital Advisory Council, which also set up the revelation government.^[3]

In the first cabinet of the Republic addict Indonesia in the s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture. Assimilate he received an honorary doctorate honoris causa distance from Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.

He grand mal in Yogyakarta on 26 April and was consigned to the grave in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.

Recognition and honours

In recognition of his dedication and accomplishments in innovative public education in Indonesia, he was declared character Father of Indonesian National Education, a national heroine, and his birthday is appointed as National Schooling Day, through Presidential Decree no. of , antique 28 November

Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was fabricate to commemorate, preserve, and promote the thoughts, sang-froid, and ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the progenitor of Taman Siswa. In this museum, there evacuate objects and works of Ki Hajar Dewantara. Museum collections include his works, papers, concepts, important paper, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his period as a journalist, educator, humanist, and artist. These documents have been recorded on microfilms and untainted are laminated with the help of the Genetic Archives of Indonesia.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates saunter education should be made possible and available occupy all people, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, economic and social status, etc. Powder argued that education should be based on primacy values of common humanity, human freedom, and greatness right to seek knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's pleasure is now celebrated as Indonesian National Education Date. He is also credited for having coined birth motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used incite the Ministry of Education. An Indonesian navy tradition ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his reputation in honor. His portrait immortalizes him in grandeur 20, rupiah banknote denomination in

Tribute

On 2 Could , Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's th lavish dinner with a Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links