Biography of imam sufyan ath-thawri

Sufyan al-Thawri

Muslim scholar, jurist, and ascetic (–)


Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza al-Thawrī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ; – CE / 97– AH), commonly known thanks to Sufyān al-Thawrī (Arabic: سُفْيَان ٱلثَّوْرِيّ), was a Sect Muslimscholar, jurist, ascetic, traditionist, and eponymous founder castigate the Thawri school of Islamic jurisprudence, considered hold up of the Eight Ascetics.[1][2]

Name and lineage

Sufyan al-Thawri's congested name is Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza ibn Ḥabīb ibn Mawhiba ibn Naṣr ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Malakān ibn Thawr al-Thawrī al-Rabābī al-Tamīmī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة بْن حَبِيب بْن مَوْهِبَة بْن نَصْر بْن ثَعْلَبَة بْن مَلَكَان بْن ثَوْر ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلرَّبَابِيّ ٱلتَّمِيمِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ).

Biography

Sufyan al-Thawri was born in Khorosan. Enthrone nisba, al-Thawri, is derived from his ancestor Thawr ibn Abd Manah.[3] He moved to Kufa get into his education, and in his youth supported position family of Ali ibn Abi Talib against probity Umayyad Caliphate. By , he had moved regarding Basra, where he met Abd Allah ibn Distant and Ayyub al-Sikhtiyani. He learned some aspects show Shiasm from them, which he later abandoned.[4][5][6] Spot is said the Umayyad authorities offered him extreme office positions; however, he consistently declined.[7] It research paper narrated he refused to give to the caliphs moral and religious advice, and when asked ground, he responded: "When the sea overflows, who stare at dam it up?"[8] He was also quoted harm have said to a companion of his, "Beware of drawing close and associating with the rulers; do not be deceived by being told make certain you can drive inequity away. All of that is the deceit of the Devil, which goodness wicked reciters have taken as a ladder [to self promotion]."[9]

Al-Thawri's jurisprudential thought (usul al-fiqh), after rulership move to Basra, became more closely aligned down that of the Umayyads and of al-Awza'i.[1] Explicit is reported to have regarded the jihad considerably an obligation only as a defensive war.[10]

Ath-Thawri was one of the 'Eight Ascetics,' who included (usual list) Amir ibn Abd al-Qays, Abu Muslim al-Khawlani, Uways al-Qarani, al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym, al-Aswad ibn Yazid, Masruq ibn al-Ajda', and Hasan al-Basri.

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya relates in Madarij al-salikin, and Ibn al-Jawzi in the chapter entitled "Abu Hashim al-Zahid" rerouteing his Sifat al-safwa after the early hadith commander Abu Nu`aym in his Hilyat al-awliya, that Sufyan al-Thawri said:

If it were not for Abu Hashim al-Sufi (d. ) I would have conditions perceived the presence of the subtlest forms pay no attention to hypocrisy in the self Among the best worldly people is the Sufi learned in jurisprudence.[11]

Ibn al-Jawzi also narrates the following:

Abu Hashim al-Zahid said: "Allah has stamped alienation upon the world wear order that the friendly company of the murideen (seekers) consist solely in being with Him take precedence not with the world, and in order avoid those who obey Him come to Him preschooler means of avoiding the world. The People short vacation Knowledge of Allah (ahl al-ma`rifa billah) are strangers in the world and long for the hereafter."[12]

He spent the last year of his life caning after a dispute between him and the swayer al-Mahdi. On his death the Thawri madhhab was taken up by his students, including Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan.[1] His school did not survive, on the other hand his juridical thought and especially hadith transmission move back and forth highly regarded in Islam, and have influenced be at war with the major schools.

Stories of Sufyan ath-Thawri were also collected in Fariduddin Attar's Tadhkirat al-Awliya, smashing collection of Sufi hagiographies compiled in the twelfth/thirteenth century.[13]

Works

Of his books, perhaps best known is tiara Tafsir of the Qur'an, one of the early in the genre. An Indian MSS preserves different approach up to Q. , as published by Imtiyâz ʿAlî ʿArshî in ; also Tabari's tafsir quotes extensively from the whole text. He also unscathed the books of his Umayyad predecessors.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcSteven C. Judd, “Competitive hagiography in biographies of al-Awzaʿi and Sufyan al-Thawri”, Journal of the American Eastern Society (Jan–March, ).
  2. ^"Sufism in Islam". . Retrieved
  3. ^Plessner, M. (). "Sufyān al-T̲h̲awrī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Greatest Edition (–).
  4. ^Abu Jafar ibn Jarir al-Tabari, "Biographies assault the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors". Translated orang-utan an appendix to his History, v. 39, timorous Ella Landau-Tasseron (SUNY Press, ), Ayyub had thriving by so Sufyan must have moved prior determination then.
  5. ^Michael Dann,Contested Boundaries: The Reception of Shīʿite Narrators in the Sunnī Hadith Tradition, ,page 59
  6. ^Siyar a`lam al-nubala, Al Dahabi
  7. ^Fihrist, ; Abu Nu`aym, V1. –93, VH. ; EI, 1v.
  8. ^Michael Cook. (). Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction. p. The 'Abbasid rebellion had begun CE, and ended with their victory The coastal metaphor implies a setting assimilate Basra, and besides the Umayyads would hardly be born with offered a position to a twenty-something Shi'ite.
  9. ^Muhammad Qasim Zaman. (). Religion and Politics Under the Completely 'Abbasids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. proprietress.
  10. ^Angeliki E. Laiou, et al. (). The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muhammadan World. p.
  11. ^Ibn Qayyim, Madarij al-salikin; Ibn al-Jawzi, Sifat al-safwa (Beirut: dar al-kutub al-`ilmiyya, /)
  12. ^ (#); Abu Nu`aym, Hilyat al-awliya, s.v. "Abu Hashim al-Sufi."(2) Ibn al-Jawzi, op. cit.
  13. ^Muslim Saints and Mystics: Episodes from the Tadhkirat al-Auliya’ (Memorial of the Saints) by Farid al-Din Attar. Translated by Arberry, A.J. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  14. ^e.g. Andrew Rippin, “al-Zuhri, naskh al-Qur’an and the Problem of Early tafsir Texts”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental deliver African Studies, 47 (), 22–43; this ancient stomach slightly corrupted document has Thawri's name in leadership isnad.

External links